Researchers at the University of Iowa have created a bio patch to regenerate missing or damaged bone by putting DNA into a nano-sized particle that delivers bone-producing instructions directly into cells.
The study is novel in that the researchers directly delivered bone-producing instructions (using piece of DNA that encodes for a platelet-derived growth factor called PDGF-B) to existing bone cells in vivo , allowing those cells to produce the proteins that led to more bone production. Previous attempts had relied on repeated applications from the outside, which is costly, intensive, and harder to replicate consistently.
researcher Aliasger K. Salem, Ph.D. — a professor in the College of Pharmacy and a co-corresponding author on the paper, published in the journal Biomaterials — explained to KurzweilAI . Uses include repairing bone fractures, fixing craniofacial defects, and improving dental implants, he said, but “further testing of efficacy and biocompatibility is still needed.”
To make their bio patch the team made a scaffold from collagen then seeded it with synthetically made, nano-sized plasmids, each carrying DNA pieces of genetic instructions for making bone. The researchers then placed DNA-seeded and unseeded scaffolds onto small 5mm x 2 mm holes in the skulls of rats. They found after four weeks that the seeded scaffolds grew 44 times more bone and soft tissue than unseeded scaffolds and 14 times more than untreated wounds.
The researchers also point out that their delivery system is non viral. That means the plasmid is less likely to cause an undesired immune response and is easier to produce in mass quantities, which lowers the cost.
The researchers next plan to create a bio platform that promotes new blood vessel growth — needed for extended and sustained bone growth.
Potential applications in dentistry
The researchers say their bio patch could be used in dentistry to rebuild bone in gum areas to provide foundations for dental implants. This would be of great benefit to patients who need implants but do not have enough bone in the surrounding area.
Another potential use for the bio patch could be to repair birth defects where bone is missing, for instance around the head or face.
The bio patch could be made in the shape and size of the defect site so when the new bone grows it is a perfect fit.
The International Team for Implantology, the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health, and the American Cancer Society funded the research. The UI also supported the work through a start-up grant.
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